Alexandre Pétion - Revision history

Doe: /* Support for Simón Bolivar */ added Magloire Ambroise

2009-01-26T11:06:59Z

‎Support for Simón Bolivar: added Magloire Ambroise

Doe: /* References */ added reference

2007-12-11T16:55:50Z

‎References: added reference

Doe: /* Support for Simón Bolivar */ added reference

2007-12-11T16:55:13Z

‎Support for Simón Bolivar: added reference

Stumax: Reverted edits by DelleToelt (Talk); changed back to last version by Stumax

2007-10-28T15:04:00Z

Reverted edits by DelleToelt (Talk); changed back to last version by Stumax

DelleToelt at 13:50, 28 October 2007

2007-10-28T13:50:18Z

Stumax: Reverted edits by 166.127.1.216 (Talk); changed back to last version by Doe

2007-10-18T21:12:13Z

Reverted edits by 166.127.1.216 (Talk); changed back to last version by Doe

166.127.1.216 at 18:29, 18 October 2007

2007-10-18T18:29:20Z

Doe: added See also

2006-07-24T15:50:33Z

added See also

Doe: /* Support for Simón Bolivar */ added Les Cayes

2006-07-07T05:18:03Z

‎Support for Simón Bolivar: added Les Cayes

Doe: /* The ''War of Knives'' */ Jacmel

2006-05-21T11:00:16Z

‎The ''War of Knives'': Jacmel

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 ===Support for Simón Bolivar===
 Pétion supplied [[Simón Bolivar]] for his ultimately successful campaign against colonialism in South America and gave him sanctuary in 1818 after Bolivar arrived in [[Les Cayes]]. ([[Heinl]] p. 158 - See also footnote ''430'' of [[The Struggle for the Recognition of Haiti and Liberia as Independent Republics|The Struggle for the Recognition of Haiti...]]).
 ==See also==

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:55, 11 December 2007
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	==References==		==References==
		+	* {{Written_In_Blood}}
	*Alexandre Pétion. (2005, November 1). Wikipedia, ''The Free Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 16:23, December 9, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_P%C3%A9tion&oldid=27101436].		*Alexandre Pétion. (2005, November 1). Wikipedia, ''The Free Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 16:23, December 9, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_P%C3%A9tion&oldid=27101436].

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 ===Support for Simón Bolivar===
-Pétion supplied [[Simón Bolivar]] for his ultimately successful campaign against colonialism in South America and gave him sanctuary in 1818 after Bolivar arrived in [[Les Cayes]].
+Pétion supplied [[Simón Bolivar]] for his ultimately successful campaign against colonialism in South America and gave him sanctuary in 1818 after Bolivar arrived in [[Les Cayes]]. ([[Heinl]] p. 158 - See also footnote ''430'' of [[The Struggle for the Recognition of Haiti and Liberia as Independent Republics|The Struggle for the Recognition of Haiti...]]).
 ==See also==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
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+[[image:alexandre_petion.jpg|RIGHT|thumb|150px|Portrait of Alexandré Petion ]]'''Alexandre Sabès called Pétion''' (April 2, 1770 – March 29, 1818 Haiti) - the Haitian [[affranchis]] was President of the Republic of [[Haiti]] from [[1806]] until his death in 1818. He adopted the name Pétion in honor of Pétion de Villeneuve, who was a member of the [[Société des Amis des Noirs]].
-==PÃ©tion - the first President of the Republic of Haiti==
+==Pétion - the first President of the Republic of Haiti==
-PÃ©tion was born in [[Port-au-Prince]] to a black mother and a French father, Pascal SabÃ¨s. He was sent to France in [[1788]] to study at the Military Academy in Paris. He returned to take part in the expulsion of the British ([[1798]]â[[1799|99]]). His mulatto heritage meant that when tensions arose between blacks and mulattoes he supported the [[mulatto]] faction.
+Pétion was born in [[Port-au-Prince]] to a black mother and a French father, Pascal Sabès. He was sent to France in [[1788]] to study at the Military Academy in Paris. He returned to take part in the expulsion of the British ([[1798]]–[[1799|99]]). His mulatto heritage meant that when tensions arose between blacks and mulattoes he supported the [[mulatto]] faction.
-PÃ©tion was one of the signers of the [[Haitian Declaration of Independence]].
+Pétion was one of the signers of the [[Haitian Declaration of Independence]].
 ===The ''War of Knives''===
-He allied with General [[AndrÃ© Rigaud]] and [[Jean Pierre Boyer]] against [[Toussaint Louverture]] in the failed rebellion, the so-called [[War of Knives]], which began in June [[1799]]. By November the rebels were pushed back to the strategic southern port of [[Jacmel]], the defense was commanded by PÃ©tion. The town fell in March [[1800]] and the rebellion was effectively over. PÃ©tion and other mulatto leaders went into exile in France.
+He allied with General [[André Rigaud]] and [[Jean Pierre Boyer]] against [[Toussaint Louverture]] in the failed rebellion, the so-called [[War of Knives]], which began in June [[1799]]. By November the rebels were pushed back to the strategic southern port of [[Jacmel]], the defense was commanded by Pétion. The town fell in March [[1800]] and the rebellion was effectively over. Pétion and other mulatto leaders went into exile in France.
-===The Fight against NapolÃ©on's troops===
+===The Fight against Napoléon's troops===
-He returned in February [[1802]] with [[Boyer]], Rigaud and the 12,000 strong French army commanded by French General [[Leclerc]], sent by [[NapolÃ©on Bonaparte]] to re-establish slavery. Following the treacherous treatment of [[Toussaint]] and the renewed struggle he joined the nationalist force in October 1802 following a secret conference at [[Arcahaie]] and supported [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], the general who had captured Jacmel. The capital was taken on October 17, [[1803]] and independence was declared on [[January 1]], [[1804]]. Dessalines was made ruler for life and had himself crowned emperor on October 6, 1804.
+He returned in February [[1802]] with [[Boyer]], Rigaud and the 12,000 strong French army commanded by French General [[Leclerc]], sent by [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] to re-establish slavery. Following the treacherous treatment of [[Toussaint]] and the renewed struggle he joined the nationalist force in October 1802 following a secret conference at [[Arcahaie]] and supported [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], the general who had captured Jacmel. The capital was taken on October 17, [[1803]] and independence was declared on [[January 1]], [[1804]]. Dessalines was made ruler for life and had himself crowned emperor on October 6, 1804.
-Following the assassination of Dessalines at [[Pont-Rouge]] (formerly ''Pont-Larnage'') on [[October 17]], [[1806]], PÃ©tion championed democracy and clashed with [[Henri Christophe]]. Christophe was offered a democratic presidency, but this failed. The country divided between them and the tensons between the blacks and [[mulattoes]] were reignited. After the inconclusive struggle dragged on until 1810 a peace was agreed and the country was split in two. While Christophe made himself king, PÃ©tion had himself elected President of the southern part of Haiti in [[1806]]. Initially a supporter of democracy he found the constraints imposed on him by the senate onorous and suspended the legislature in 1818. In 1816 he turned his post into President for Life.
+Following the assassination of Dessalines at [[Pont-Rouge]] (formerly ''Pont-Larnage'') on [[October 17]], [[1806]], Pétion championed democracy and clashed with [[Henri Christophe]]. Christophe was offered a democratic presidency, but this failed. The country divided between them and the tensons between the blacks and [[mulattoes]] were reignited. After the inconclusive struggle dragged on until 1810 a peace was agreed and the country was split in two. While Christophe made himself king, Pétion had himself elected President of the southern part of Haiti in [[1806]]. Initially a supporter of democracy he found the constraints imposed on him by the senate onorous and suspended the legislature in 1818. In 1816 he turned his post into President for Life.
-He was active in seizing the commercial plantations and divided the land thus gained amongst his supporters and the peasantry, earning himself the nickname Papa Bon-KÃ¨ ("good-hearted daddy"). The land grab dealt a serious blow to the economy of the country and most of the population did little more than subsistence farming. He started the LycÃ©e PÃ©tion in [[Port-au-Prince]].
+He was active in seizing the commercial plantations and divided the land thus gained amongst his supporters and the peasantry, earning himself the nickname Papa Bon-Kè ("good-hearted daddy"). The land grab dealt a serious blow to the economy of the country and most of the population did little more than subsistence farming. He started the Lycée Pétion in [[Port-au-Prince]].
-[[Jean-Pierre Boyer]] was made the successor of PÃ©tion and took control following the death of PÃ©tion through yellow fever in 1818.
+[[Jean-Pierre Boyer]] was made the successor of Pétion and took control following the death of Pétion through yellow fever in 1818.
-===Support for SimÃ³n Bolivar===
+===Support for Simón Bolivar===
-PÃ©tion supplied [[SimÃ³n Bolivar]] for his ultimately successful campaign against colonialism in South America and gave him sanctuary in 1818 after Bolivar arrived in [[Les Cayes]].
+Pétion supplied [[Simón Bolivar]] for his ultimately successful campaign against colonialism in South America and gave him sanctuary in 1818 after Bolivar arrived in [[Les Cayes]].
 ==See also==
-* [[Act of Independence]]  - this document was signed by PÃ©tion.
+* [[Act of Independence]]  - this document was signed by Pétion.
 ** [[Act of Independence (French)]]
 ==References==
-*Alexandre PÃ©tion. (2005, November 1). Wikipedia, ''The Free Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 16:23, December 9, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_P%C3%A9tion&oldid=27101436].
+*Alexandre Pétion. (2005, November 1). Wikipedia, ''The Free Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 16:23, December 9, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_P%C3%A9tion&oldid=27101436].
-[[Category:Who's Who|PÃ©tion, Alexandre]]
+[[Category:Who's Who|Pétion, Alexandre]]
-[[Category:Military|PÃ©tion, Alexandre]]
+[[Category:Military|Pétion, Alexandre]]
-[[Category:Presidents|PÃ©tion, Alexandre]]
+[[Category:Presidents|Pétion, Alexandre]]
-[[Category:Commissioners|PÃ©tion, Alexandre]]
+[[Category:Commissioners|Pétion, Alexandre]]
-[[Category:Rebels|PÃ©tion, Alexandre]]
+[[Category:Rebels|Pétion, Alexandre]]
-[[Category:Mulattoes|PÃ©tion, Alexandre]]
+[[Category:Mulattoes|Pétion, Alexandre]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[image:alexandre_petion.jpg|RIGHT|thumb|150px|Portrait of Alexandré Petion ]]'''Alexandre Sabès called Pétion''' (April 2, 1770 – March 29, 1818 Haiti) - the Haitian [[affranchis]] was President of the Republic of [[Haiti]] from [[1806]] until his death in 1818. He adopted the name Pétion in honor of Pétion de Villeneuve, who was a member of the [[Société des Amis des Noirs]].
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-==Pétion - the first President of the Republic of Haiti==
+==PÃ©tion - the first President of the Republic of Haiti==
-Pétion was born in [[Port-au-Prince]] to a black mother and a French father, Pascal Sabès. He was sent to France in [[1788]] to study at the Military Academy in Paris. He returned to take part in the expulsion of the British ([[1798]]–[[1799|99]]). His mulatto heritage meant that when tensions arose between blacks and mulattoes he supported the [[mulatto]] faction.
+PÃ©tion was born in [[Port-au-Prince]] to a black mother and a French father, Pascal SabÃ¨s. He was sent to France in [[1788]] to study at the Military Academy in Paris. He returned to take part in the expulsion of the British ([[1798]]â[[1799|99]]). His mulatto heritage meant that when tensions arose between blacks and mulattoes he supported the [[mulatto]] faction.
-Pétion was one of the signers of the [[Haitian Declaration of Independence]].
+PÃ©tion was one of the signers of the [[Haitian Declaration of Independence]].
 ===The ''War of Knives''===
-He allied with General [[André Rigaud]] and [[Jean Pierre Boyer]] against [[Toussaint Louverture]] in the failed rebellion, the so-called [[War of Knives]], which began in June [[1799]]. By November the rebels were pushed back to the strategic southern port of [[Jacmel]], the defense was commanded by Pétion. The town fell in March [[1800]] and the rebellion was effectively over. Pétion and other mulatto leaders went into exile in France.
+He allied with General [[AndrÃ© Rigaud]] and [[Jean Pierre Boyer]] against [[Toussaint Louverture]] in the failed rebellion, the so-called [[War of Knives]], which began in June [[1799]]. By November the rebels were pushed back to the strategic southern port of [[Jacmel]], the defense was commanded by PÃ©tion. The town fell in March [[1800]] and the rebellion was effectively over. PÃ©tion and other mulatto leaders went into exile in France.
-===The Fight against Napoléon's troops===
+===The Fight against NapolÃ©on's troops===
-He returned in February [[1802]] with [[Boyer]], Rigaud and the 12,000 strong French army commanded by French General [[Leclerc]], sent by [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] to re-establish slavery. Following the treacherous treatment of [[Toussaint]] and the renewed struggle he joined the nationalist force in October 1802 following a secret conference at [[Arcahaie]] and supported [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], the general who had captured Jacmel. The capital was taken on October 17, [[1803]] and independence was declared on [[January 1]], [[1804]]. Dessalines was made ruler for life and had himself crowned emperor on October 6, 1804.
+He returned in February [[1802]] with [[Boyer]], Rigaud and the 12,000 strong French army commanded by French General [[Leclerc]], sent by [[NapolÃ©on Bonaparte]] to re-establish slavery. Following the treacherous treatment of [[Toussaint]] and the renewed struggle he joined the nationalist force in October 1802 following a secret conference at [[Arcahaie]] and supported [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], the general who had captured Jacmel. The capital was taken on October 17, [[1803]] and independence was declared on [[January 1]], [[1804]]. Dessalines was made ruler for life and had himself crowned emperor on October 6, 1804.
-Following the assassination of Dessalines at [[Pont-Rouge]] (formerly ''Pont-Larnage'') on [[October 17]], [[1806]], Pétion championed democracy and clashed with [[Henri Christophe]]. Christophe was offered a democratic presidency, but this failed. The country divided between them and the tensons between the blacks and [[mulattoes]] were reignited. After the inconclusive struggle dragged on until 1810 a peace was agreed and the country was split in two. While Christophe made himself king, Pétion had himself elected President of the southern part of Haiti in [[1806]]. Initially a supporter of democracy he found the constraints imposed on him by the senate onorous and suspended the legislature in 1818. In 1816 he turned his post into President for Life.
+Following the assassination of Dessalines at [[Pont-Rouge]] (formerly ''Pont-Larnage'') on [[October 17]], [[1806]], PÃ©tion championed democracy and clashed with [[Henri Christophe]]. Christophe was offered a democratic presidency, but this failed. The country divided between them and the tensons between the blacks and [[mulattoes]] were reignited. After the inconclusive struggle dragged on until 1810 a peace was agreed and the country was split in two. While Christophe made himself king, PÃ©tion had himself elected President of the southern part of Haiti in [[1806]]. Initially a supporter of democracy he found the constraints imposed on him by the senate onorous and suspended the legislature in 1818. In 1816 he turned his post into President for Life.
-He was active in seizing the commercial plantations and divided the land thus gained amongst his supporters and the peasantry, earning himself the nickname Papa Bon-Kè ("good-hearted daddy"). The land grab dealt a serious blow to the economy of the country and most of the population did little more than subsistence farming. He started the Lycée Pétion in [[Port-au-Prince]].
+He was active in seizing the commercial plantations and divided the land thus gained amongst his supporters and the peasantry, earning himself the nickname Papa Bon-KÃ¨ ("good-hearted daddy"). The land grab dealt a serious blow to the economy of the country and most of the population did little more than subsistence farming. He started the LycÃ©e PÃ©tion in [[Port-au-Prince]].
-[[Jean-Pierre Boyer]] was made the successor of Pétion and took control following the death of Pétion through yellow fever in 1818.
+[[Jean-Pierre Boyer]] was made the successor of PÃ©tion and took control following the death of PÃ©tion through yellow fever in 1818.
-===Support for Simón Bolivar===
+===Support for SimÃ³n Bolivar===
-Pétion supplied [[Simón Bolivar]] for his ultimately successful campaign against colonialism in South America and gave him sanctuary in 1818 after Bolivar arrived in [[Les Cayes]].
+PÃ©tion supplied [[SimÃ³n Bolivar]] for his ultimately successful campaign against colonialism in South America and gave him sanctuary in 1818 after Bolivar arrived in [[Les Cayes]].
 ==See also==
-* [[Act of Independence]]  - this document was signed by Pétion.
+* [[Act of Independence]]  - this document was signed by PÃ©tion.
 ** [[Act of Independence (French)]]
 ==References==
-*Alexandre Pétion. (2005, November 1). Wikipedia, ''The Free Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 16:23, December 9, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_P%C3%A9tion&oldid=27101436].
+*Alexandre PÃ©tion. (2005, November 1). Wikipedia, ''The Free Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 16:23, December 9, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_P%C3%A9tion&oldid=27101436].
-[[Category:Who's Who|Pétion, Alexandre]]
+[[Category:Who's Who|PÃ©tion, Alexandre]]
-[[Category:Military|Pétion, Alexandre]]
+[[Category:Military|PÃ©tion, Alexandre]]
-[[Category:Presidents|Pétion, Alexandre]]
+[[Category:Presidents|PÃ©tion, Alexandre]]
-[[Category:Commissioners|Pétion, Alexandre]]
+[[Category:Commissioners|PÃ©tion, Alexandre]]
-[[Category:Rebels|Pétion, Alexandre]]
+[[Category:Rebels|PÃ©tion, Alexandre]]
-[[Category:Mulattoes|Pétion, Alexandre]]
+[[Category:Mulattoes|PÃ©tion, Alexandre]]