Donatien-Marie-Joseph Rochambeau - Revision history

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 ==References==
-* Barskett, James. ''History of the Island of St. Domingo: From Its First Discovery by Columbus to the Present Period". (1824). Mahlon Day, New York,
+* Barskett, James. ''History of the Island of St. Domingo: From Its First Discovery by Columbus to the Present Period". (1824). Mahlon Day, New York.
 * Encyclopædia Britannica: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica Eleventh Edition] (1911-1912).
 * Gibbet. (n.d.). ''The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition''. Retrieved August, 18, 2007, from Answers.com Web site: [http://www.answers.com/topic/execrable].

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 ===Rochambeau and Napoléon Bonaparte's Caribbean Genocide===
-[[image:revenge_of_the_black_army.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Revenge by the black troops for cruelty of French soldiers.]]''This monstrous agent'' [Rochambeau] ''of [[Bonaparte]], a worthy accomplice of the colnnfsts, polluted himself with every species of crime: he spared neither sex, nor infancy, nor age; he surpassed in cruelty the most accomplished  villains of ancient or modern times. Gibbets <small>{{fn|1}}</small> were every where erected; drownings, burnings, the most horrible punishments, were practiced by his orders. He invented a new machine of destruction, in which victims of both sexes, heaped one upon another, were suffocated by the smoke of sulphur... In his insensate rage, he procured from Cuba, at a great expense, a multitude of blood-hounds.'' (Barskett p.262) This is only one example of reports of the French cruelties under Rochambeau. Even the earliest accounts of the fighting put spacial emphasis on Rochambeau's sadistic and cruel methods.
+[[image:revenge_of_the_black_army.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Revenge by the black troops for cruelty of French soldiers.]]''This monstrous agent'' [Rochambeau] ''of [[Bonaparte]], a worthy accomplice of the colonists, polluted himself with every species of crime: he spared neither sex, nor infancy, nor age; he surpassed in cruelty the most accomplished  villains of ancient or modern times. Gibbets <small>{{fn|1}}</small> were every where erected; drownings, burnings, the most horrible punishments, were practiced by his orders. He invented a new machine of destruction, in which victims of both sexes, heaped one upon another, were suffocated by the smoke of sulphur... In his insensate rage, he procured from Cuba, at a great expense, a multitude of blood-hounds.'' (Barskett p.262) This is only one example of reports of the French cruelties under Rochambeau. Even the earliest accounts of the fighting put spacial emphasis on Rochambeau's sadistic and cruel methods.
 ===The Battle of Vertières===

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 ===The Battle of Vertières===
-After Rochambeau surrendered to the rebel general [[Dessalines]] in November of [[1803]] after losing the crucial [[Battle of Vertières]], the former French colony declared its independence as [[Haiti]], the second independent state in the Americas. On his way home, Rochambeau was captured by the English and returned to England as a prisoner on parole, where he remained interned for almost nine years.
+[[image:battle_of_vertieres.jpg|left|thumb|230px|The ''Battle of Vertières'''.]]After Rochambeau surrendered to the rebel general [[Dessalines]] in November of [[1803]] after losing the crucial [[Battle of Vertières]], the former French colony declared its independence as [[Haiti]], the second independent state in the Americas. On his way home, Rochambeau was captured by the English and returned to England as a prisoner on parole, where he remained interned for almost nine years.
 Dessalines subsequently declared independence for [[Haiti]] and became the first ruler of the independent republic.

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	Dessalines subsequently declared independence for [[Haiti]] and became the first ruler of the independent republic.		Dessalines subsequently declared independence for [[Haiti]] and became the first ruler of the independent republic.
		+
		+	===Rochambeau's death===
		+	Rochambeau was mortally wounded in the ''Battle of Nations'' (German: ''Völkerschlacht'', and succumbed to his injuries three days later in Leipzig, Germany.

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 ===Rochambeau and Napoléon Bonaparte's Caribbean Genocide===
-[[image:revenge_of_the_black_army.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Revenge by the black troops for cruelty of French soldiers.]]''This monstrous agent'' [Rochambeau] ''of [[Bonaparte]], a worthy accomplice of the colnnfsts, polluted himself with every species of crime: he spared neither sex, nor infancy, nor age; he surpassed in cruelty the most accomplished  villains of ancient or modern times. Gibbets <small>{{fn|1}}</small> were every where erected; drownings, burnings, the most horrible punishments, were practiced by his orders. He invented a new machine of destruction, in which victims of both sexes, heaped one upon another, were suffocated by the smoke of sulphur... In his insensate rage, he procured from Cuba, at a great expense, a multitude of blood-hounds.'' (Barskett p.262)
+[[image:revenge_of_the_black_army.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Revenge by the black troops for cruelty of French soldiers.]]''This monstrous agent'' [Rochambeau] ''of [[Bonaparte]], a worthy accomplice of the colnnfsts, polluted himself with every species of crime: he spared neither sex, nor infancy, nor age; he surpassed in cruelty the most accomplished  villains of ancient or modern times. Gibbets <small>{{fn|1}}</small> were every where erected; drownings, burnings, the most horrible punishments, were practiced by his orders. He invented a new machine of destruction, in which victims of both sexes, heaped one upon another, were suffocated by the smoke of sulphur... In his insensate rage, he procured from Cuba, at a great expense, a multitude of blood-hounds.'' (Barskett p.262) This is only one example of reports of the French cruelties under Rochambeau. Even the earliest accounts of the fighting put spacial emphasis on Rochambeau's sadistic and cruel methods.
 ===The Battle of Vertières===

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 ** The [[Battle of Vertières]] (1803) - The final and victorious battle against the French troops under Rochambeau, who then conceded defeat.
-====Lists===
+====Lists====
 * [[List of Saint-Domingue Rulers]]

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 ==See also==
 * [[Leclerc Saint-Domingue proclamation (1802)|Leclerc Saint-Domingue proclamation]] - 1802 declaration by Rochambeau's predecessor, outlawing Henry Christophe and Toussaint Louverture.
-* [[Toussaint L'Ouverture and the Haytian Revolutions]] - 1841 speech by McCune Smith.
+* [[French Capitulation in Saint-Domingue (1803)]] - Rochambeau's capitulation to the victorious Haitian forces.
 * [[:Category: Battles of the Haitian Revolution]]:
 ** The [[Battle of Ravine-à-Couleuvres]] - Rochambeau participated in this battle near Gonaïves.
 ** The [[Battle of Crète-à-Pierrot]] - An important battle of the Haitian revolution, fought in [[1802]] between Rochambeau's troops and that of [[Toussaint Louverture]], led by [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]].
 ** The [[Battle of Vertières]] (1803) - The final and victorious battle against the French troops under Rochambeau, who then conceded defeat.
 * [[List of Saint-Domingue Rulers]]
 ==References==

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 [[image:vicomte_de_rochambeau.jpg|right|thumb|190px|The Vicomte de Rochambeau.]]'''Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur, vicomte de Rochambeau''' (also ''Vicomte de Rochambeau'' ) ([[April 7]], [[1750]] Chateau Rochambeau, France - October 18, 1813 Leipzig, Germany) French General and landowner in Saint-Domingue. In [[1802]], he was appointed to lead an expeditionary force against [[Saint-Domingue]] after General [[Leclerc]]'s death. Historians of the Haitian Revolution credit his brutal tactics (see: [http://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Napoleon#Napol.C3.A9on.27s_Caribbean_Genocide Napoléon's Caribbean Genocide]) for uniting black and mulatto soldiers against the French.
-His father Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (July 1, 1725 – May 10, [[1807]]), fought in the American Revolution with the younger Rochambeau as his aide-de-camp.
+His father Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (July 1, 1725 – May 10, [[1807]]), fought in the American Revolution with the younger Rochambeau as his aide-de-camp. On July 9 [[1792]], Rochambeau was made a Lieutenant General in the French army.
 Rochambeau was a Governor-General of [[Saint-Domingue]] from October 21, [[1792]] to  January 2, [[1793]] and from November 2, [[1802]] to November 30, [[1803]].