Napoléon Bonaparte - Revision history

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Doe at 02:54, 8 August 2008

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Stumax: Reverted edits by DarmoNcali (Talk); changed back to last version by Doe

2007-10-28T15:00:59Z

Reverted edits by DarmoNcali (Talk); changed back to last version by Doe

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DarmoNcali at 13:56, 28 October 2007

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 ==Napoleon and Racism==
 In recent years efforts to reevaluate French history from a African perspective have gained ground and are increasing part of the national dialogue.
 {{fnb|1}} Execrable: ''adj.''

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 The loss of the colony of Saint-Domingue was a major blow to the French empire. While the fighting in Saint-Domingue, beginning with the [[Boukman Rebellion]] in [[1791]] had cut down the profits of the [[slavery|slave system]], Napoléon had intended to restore the colonial economy of Saint-Domingue, which had been the worlds richest and most productive colony. Napoléon had given up Louisiana in an attempt to keep control of the possessions in the [[Caribbean Sea]]. Whereas the French had re-installed slavery in Guadeloupe through [[Richepanse]], news of which installed great fear in Saint-Domingue, they had lost the revenue from slavery in what became [[Haiti]] in [[1804]] and received their first major defeat in their global conquest.
 {{fnb|1}} Execrable: ''adj.''
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 * [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/3567 Memoirs of Napoleon] — by Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne (Project Gutenberg e-text)
 * Mignet, François-Auguste-Marie-Alexis.(1824). ''History of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1814''. (1824). Project Gutenberg: [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/9602 etext].
 * PBS: [http://www.pbs.org/empires/napoleon/home.html Napoleon Bonaparte Biography]
 * Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_the_French_Revolution Glossary of the French Revolution]

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 * Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_the_French_Revolution Glossary of the French Revolution]
 * Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon%27s_Holocaust Napoleon's Holocaust].
-* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/11/26/wfra26.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/11/26/ixworld.html Napoleon's genocide 'on a par with Hitler'] - Article from ''Daily Telegraph'' UK (11/2005)
+* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/1504014/Napoleons-genocide-on-a-par-with-Hitler.html Napoleon's genocide 'on a par with Hitler'] - Article from ''Daily Telegraph'' UK (11/2005)

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 ==External links==
 * Louverture, Isaac and Métral, Antoine. ''Histoire de l'expédition des Français à Saint-Domingue sous le consulat de Napoléon Bonaparte'' (1825). Paris: Fanjat Ainé. [http://books.google.com/books?id=60NAG_H1ey8C&pg=PA227&lpg=PA227&dq=histoire+de+%22l+expédition%22+des+français+à+%22saint+domingue%22+sous+le+consultat+de+by+isaac+toussaint+louverture&source=web&ots=ZdwO0J39A2&sig=T2q8nAfWTv0er21nkcbQY6N9SX4#PPA5,M1 Available online (Google Books)]. (French text)
 * Mignet, François-Auguste-Marie-Alexis.(1824). ''History of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1814''. (1824). Project Gutenberg: [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/9602 etext].
 * Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_the_French_Revolution Glossary of the French Revolution]
 * Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon%27s_Holocaust Napoleon's Holocaust].
 * [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/11/26/wfra26.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/11/26/ixworld.html Napoleon's genocide 'on a par with Hitler'] - Article from ''Daily Telegraph'' UK (11/2005)
 [[Category:Who's Who|Bonaparte, Napoleon]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:54, 8 August 2008
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−	[[image:napoleon_bonap_horseback.jpg\|right\|thumb\|180px\|Napoléon Bonaparte and his horse Vizir.]]'''Napoléon Bonaparte''' (born ''Napoleone di Buonaparte'') (August 15, 1769 Ajaccio, Corsica - May 5, 1821 St. Helena) became [[Toussaint Louverture]]'s main enemy after he came to power in [[1799]]. The French emperor tried to re-establish [[slavery]] in the Caribbean colony [[Saint-Domingue]] through his brother in law [[General Leclerc]]. He had Toussaint Louverture captured by deceit and transferred to a [[Fort de Joux\|dungeon in the French Alps]] where the Haitian revolutionary leader later died.	+	[[image:napoleon_bonap_horseback.jpg\|right\|thumb\|180px\|Napoléon Bonaparte and his horse Vizir.]]'''Napoléon Bonaparte''' (born ''Napoleone di Buonaparte'') (August 15, 1769 Ajaccio, Corsica - May 5, 1821 St. Helena) became [[Toussaint Louverture]]'s main enemy after he came to power in [[1799]]. The French emperor tried to re-establish [[slavery]] in the Caribbean colony [[Saint-Domingue]] (later renamed [[Haiti]]) through his brother in law [[General Leclerc]]. He had Toussaint Louverture captured by deceit and transferred to a [[Fort de Joux\|dungeon in the French Alps]] where the Haitian revolutionary leader later died.

	==The First Consul==		==The First Consul==

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 * '''[[Memoir of Toussaint Louverture, Written by Himself]]''' - Autobiographical text written by Toussaint at Fort-de-Joux.
 * '''[[Napoléon decree re-establishing slavery in the French colonies (French)|Napoléon decree re-establishing slavery in the French colonies]]''' - (French text).
 * [[The Haitian Revolution and the Louisiana Purchase]] - The significance of the Haitian Revolution in regard to the Louisiana Purchase in [[1803]].
 * [[Marie-François Auguste de Caffarelli du Falga]] - Sent by Napoléon to interrogate Toussaint Louverture in his prison cell at Fort de Joux.

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 ====Re-establishing slavery in the colonies====
-[[image:napoleon_bonaparte_signatur.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Napoléon Bonaparte's signature.]]In late 1801 Bonaparte dispatched the generals [[Antoine Richepanse]] to Guadeloupe and [[Leclerc]] to Saint-Domingue with the goals to massacre Africans living in the colonies and to once again establish [[slavery]].
+[[image:napoleon_bonaparte_signatur.jpg|left|thumb|260px|Napoléon Bonaparte's signature.]]In late 1801 Bonaparte dispatched the generals [[Antoine Richepanse]] to Guadeloupe and [[Leclerc]] to Saint-Domingue with the goals to massacre Africans living in the colonies and to once again establish [[slavery]].
 "On the 20th of May, [[1801]], Bonaparte published [[Napoléon decree re-establishing slavery in the French colonies (French)|the infamous decree]] which placed the French colonies in the state in which they were before the year [[1789]], and which, authorizing the slave-trade, abrogated all laws to the contrary. This execrable <small>{{fn|1}}</small>  measure marks the real character of the Corsican adventurer, and hands his name down to posterity covered with disgrace. Soon, however, did he find that in an evil hour he had overstepped the limits of prudence; and therefore he put forth another decree which hypocritically excepted [[Saint Domingo]] and Guadeloupe, "''because these islands are free, not only by right, but in fact, whilst the other colonies are actually in slavery, and it would be dangerous to put an end to that state of things.''" ([[Toussaint L'Ouverture: A Biography and Autobiography|Beard]] p. 154)