https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mackandal&feed=atom&action=history
François Mackandal - Revision history
2024-03-29T07:36:03Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
MediaWiki 1.27.1
https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mackandal&diff=20457&oldid=prev
Doe: hanged spelling to that used throughout the site & added links
2008-03-25T12:34:24Z
<p>hanged spelling to that used throughout the site & added links</p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:34, 25 March 2008</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l9" >Line 9:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Davis credits Mackandal with having been first to cry freedom for the slaves (Although others preceded Mackandal, such as the [[maroon]] [[Padrejean]] about 80 years prior to the Mackandal Rebellion.), and with setting up such a solid phalanx of slaves who believed in his mad dream of freedom that even after his death the core of his revolution survived. It was that fundamental core that Toussaint reawakened and drove on to completion.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Davis credits Mackandal with having been first to cry freedom for the slaves (Although others preceded Mackandal, such as the [[maroon]] [[Padrejean]] about 80 years prior to the Mackandal Rebellion.), and with setting up such a solid phalanx of slaves who believed in his mad dream of freedom that even after his death the core of his revolution survived. It was that fundamental core that Toussaint reawakened and drove on to completion.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[Actually <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Macandal </del>was the first to declare slaves would overthrow the French and end slavery and I do not think he should be compared to Padrejean. Padrejean is only unique because we know something about him. His exploits were similar to many other escaped slaves and pale in comparison to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Macandal</del>'s accomplishments. Also, Boukman, not Toussaint, first gathered the Maroons to revolution in 1791. See www.macandal.org for more.]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[Actually <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mackandal </ins>was the first to declare slaves would overthrow the French and end slavery and I do not think he should be compared to Padrejean. Padrejean is only unique because we know something about him. His exploits were similar to many other escaped slaves and pale in comparison to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mackandal</ins>'s accomplishments. Also, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Boukman<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>, not <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Toussaint<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>, first gathered the Maroons to revolution in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>1791<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>. See www.macandal.org for more.]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most accounts state that Mackandal worked on the plantation until he lost his hand (or arm) in a sugar press accident. Davis believes it more likely that he fled after having been sentenced to 50 lashes with a knotted leather whip for having fallen in love with a house slave. This kind of whip inflicted such vicious damage that 50 lashes constituted a death sentence.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most accounts state that Mackandal worked on the plantation until he lost his hand (or arm) in a sugar press accident. Davis believes it more likely that he fled after having been sentenced to 50 lashes with a knotted leather whip for having fallen in love with a house slave. This kind of whip inflicted such vicious damage that 50 lashes constituted a death sentence.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19" >Line 19:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After 12 years of meticulous planning and preparation, Mackandal very nearly pulled off a successful rebellion of the scope that [[Toussaint]] later accomplished. But as he prepared to carry out a mass poisoning of whites toward the end of [[1757]] that would have precipitated that coup, he was betrayed by a tortured female slave, and was captured. He was chained to the stake on [[20 January]] [[1758]] in [[Le Cap]]. (Mackandal Rebellion)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After 12 years of meticulous planning and preparation, Mackandal very nearly pulled off a successful rebellion of the scope that [[Toussaint]] later accomplished. But as he prepared to carry out a mass poisoning of whites toward the end of [[1757]] that would have precipitated that coup, he was betrayed by a tortured female slave, and was captured. He was chained to the stake on [[20 January]] [[1758]] in [[Le Cap]]. (Mackandal Rebellion)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most common written accounts (most of which are re-tellings based on the same sources) state that Mackandal escaped his first burning by wriggling free from bonds that had been inadequately secured over the stump of his arm. Most of those go on to say that he was re-captured, retied and consumed in a second burning. [There are very few accounts but equally as many claimed slaves were convinced <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Macandal </del>escaped. And, since the French constantly burned slaves at the stake and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Macandal </del>was so important, who actually believes the 'post was rotted,' he was fastened with 'ropes that burned off' or that the French soldiers 'tied him improperly'? See www.macandal.org]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most common written accounts (most of which are re-tellings based on the same sources) state that Mackandal escaped his first burning by wriggling free from bonds that had been inadequately secured over the stump of his arm. Most of those go on to say that he was re-captured, retied and consumed in a second burning. [There are very few accounts but equally as many claimed slaves were convinced <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mackandal </ins>escaped. And, since the French constantly burned <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>slaves<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>at the stake and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mackandal </ins>was so important, who actually believes the 'post was rotted,' he was fastened with 'ropes that burned off' or that the French soldiers 'tied him improperly'? See www.macandal.org]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Slave accounts (which more strongly reflect the Mackandal mystique) state that he escaped either the first burning only, or the first and the second, but in both cases generally depict his final flight as that of a fly or a mosquito. Before being captured, Mackandal had claimed to be immortal. Davis notes with interest the massive yellow fever epidemic that was brought by hordes of mosquitoes during [[Toussaint]]'s rebellion, helping to decimate the invading forces and make his rebellion successful.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Slave accounts (which more strongly reflect the Mackandal mystique) state that he escaped either the first burning only, or the first and the second, but in both cases generally depict his final flight as that of a fly or a mosquito. Before being captured, Mackandal had claimed to be immortal. Davis notes with interest the massive yellow fever epidemic that was brought by hordes of mosquitoes during [[Toussaint]]'s rebellion, helping to decimate the invading forces and make his rebellion successful.</div></td></tr>
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Doe
https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mackandal&diff=20456&oldid=prev
Markdavis at 21:11, 23 March 2008
2008-03-23T21:11:18Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:11, 23 March 2008</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l7" >Line 7:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Drawing on seldom-considered oral history (beyond folklore and myth) as well as conventional research and the corroborated work of others, anthropologist Mark Davis asserts that Mackandal had been educated by an 'important' family in the Congo. He says that Mackandal spoke, read and wrote Arabic fluently, and had a highly absorbent and clever mind. Davis says he also knew music, sculpture and painting, and that his broad knowledge of medicinal plants and herbs was widely sought after.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Drawing on seldom-considered oral history (beyond folklore and myth) as well as conventional research and the corroborated work of others, anthropologist Mark Davis asserts that Mackandal had been educated by an 'important' family in the Congo. He says that Mackandal spoke, read and wrote Arabic fluently, and had a highly absorbent and clever mind. Davis says he also knew music, sculpture and painting, and that his broad knowledge of medicinal plants and herbs was widely sought after.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Davis credits Mackandal with having been first to cry freedom for the slaves (Although others preceded Mackandal, such as the [[maroon]] [[Padrejean]] about 80 years prior to the Mackandal Rebellion.), and with setting up such a solid phalanx of slaves who believed in his mad dream of freedom that even after his death the core of his revolution survived. It was that fundamental core that Toussaint reawakened and drove on to completion.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Davis credits Mackandal with having been first to cry freedom for the slaves (Although others preceded Mackandal, such as the [[maroon]] [[Padrejean]] about 80 years prior to the Mackandal Rebellion.), and with setting up such a solid phalanx of slaves who believed in his mad dream of freedom that even after his death the core of his revolution survived. It was that fundamental core that Toussaint reawakened and drove on to completion.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Actually Macandal was the first to declare slaves would overthrow the French and end slavery and I do not think he should be compared to Padrejean. Padrejean is only unique because we know something about him. His exploits were similar to many other escaped slaves and pale in comparison to Macandal's accomplishments. Also, Boukman, not Toussaint, first gathered the Maroons to revolution in 1791. See www.macandal.org for more.]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most accounts state that Mackandal worked on the plantation until he lost his hand (or arm) in a sugar press accident. Davis believes it more likely that he fled after having been sentenced to 50 lashes with a knotted leather whip for having fallen in love with a house slave. This kind of whip inflicted such vicious damage that 50 lashes constituted a death sentence.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most accounts state that Mackandal worked on the plantation until he lost his hand (or arm) in a sugar press accident. Davis believes it more likely that he fled after having been sentenced to 50 lashes with a knotted leather whip for having fallen in love with a house slave. This kind of whip inflicted such vicious damage that 50 lashes constituted a death sentence.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Davis goes on to say that both stories may have been fabricated. It would have been too humiliating to admit that a slave, particularly this one, had the wits to escape his far superior captors. Someone's head likely would have rolled. Writings at the time were dedicated to cementing the notion of slaves as barely human -- certainly not either accomplished or clever, for that would have undermined a key justification for slavery.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Davis goes on to say that both stories may have been fabricated.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Davis believes only the hand loss accident was fabricated.] </ins>It would have been too humiliating to admit that a slave, particularly this one, had the wits to escape his far superior captors. Someone's head likely would have rolled. Writings at the time were dedicated to cementing the notion of slaves as barely human -- certainly not either accomplished or clever, for that would have undermined a key justification for slavery.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Whatever the impetus, having gained the relative safety of St. Domingue's wild hills Mackandal prophesied that [[slaves]] ultimately would have their freedom and independence. To that end this strong, charismatic, natural leader recruited and organized his fellow marooons (who already had become effective plantation raiders in order to survive) into an effective fighting force uniquely suited to St. Domingue's tropical and mountainous terrain. To that he added ingeniously recruited plantation slaves.  During these dangerous years he became legendary for repeatedly escaping capture.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Whatever the impetus, having gained the relative safety of St. Domingue's wild hills Mackandal prophesied that [[slaves]] ultimately would have their freedom and independence. To that end this strong, charismatic, natural leader recruited and organized his fellow marooons (who already had become effective plantation raiders in order to survive) into an effective fighting force uniquely suited to St. Domingue's tropical and mountainous terrain. To that he added ingeniously recruited plantation slaves.  During these dangerous years he became legendary for repeatedly escaping capture.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17" >Line 17:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After 12 years of meticulous planning and preparation, Mackandal very nearly pulled off a successful rebellion of the scope that [[Toussaint]] later accomplished. But as he prepared to carry out a mass poisoning of whites toward the end of [[1757]] that would have precipitated that coup, he was betrayed by a tortured female slave, and was captured. He was chained to the stake on [[20 January]] [[1758]] in [[Le Cap]]. (Mackandal Rebellion)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After 12 years of meticulous planning and preparation, Mackandal very nearly pulled off a successful rebellion of the scope that [[Toussaint]] later accomplished. But as he prepared to carry out a mass poisoning of whites toward the end of [[1757]] that would have precipitated that coup, he was betrayed by a tortured female slave, and was captured. He was chained to the stake on [[20 January]] [[1758]] in [[Le Cap]]. (Mackandal Rebellion)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most common written accounts (most of which are re-tellings based on the same sources) state that Mackandal escaped his first burning by wriggling free from bonds that had been inadequately secured over the stump of his arm. Most of those go on to say that he was re-captured, retied and consumed in a second burning.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most common written accounts (most of which are re-tellings based on the same sources) state that Mackandal escaped his first burning by wriggling free from bonds that had been inadequately secured over the stump of his arm. Most of those go on to say that he was re-captured, retied and consumed in a second burning. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[There are very few accounts but equally as many claimed slaves were convinced Macandal escaped. And, since the French constantly burned slaves at the stake and Macandal was so important, who actually believes the 'post was rotted,' he was fastened with 'ropes that burned off' or that the French soldiers 'tied him improperly'? See www.macandal.org]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Slave accounts (which more strongly reflect the Mackandal mystique) state that he escaped either the first burning only, or the first and the second, but in both cases generally depict his final flight as that of a fly or a mosquito. Before being captured, Mackandal had claimed to be immortal. Davis notes with interest the massive yellow fever epidemic that was brought by hordes of mosquitoes during [[Toussaint]]'s rebellion, helping to decimate the invading forces and make his rebellion successful. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Sources write that Macandal actually claimed that if killed he would return as a mosquito to wreak vengeance on the whites. This makes the death of over 30,000 British and French troops by mosquito-born yellow fever during the Haitian revolution all the more interesting--Mark Davis Feb 08,2008]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Slave accounts (which more strongly reflect the Mackandal mystique) state that he escaped either the first burning only, or the first and the second, but in both cases generally depict his final flight as that of a fly or a mosquito. Before being captured, Mackandal had claimed to be immortal. Davis notes with interest the massive yellow fever epidemic that was brought by hordes of mosquitoes during [[Toussaint]]'s rebellion, helping to decimate the invading forces and make his rebellion successful.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Mackandal is often mentioned as having been a [[houngan]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Mackandal is often mentioned as having been a [[houngan]].</div></td></tr>
</table>
Markdavis
https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mackandal&diff=20439&oldid=prev
Markdavis: Small additional note regarding Macandal or Mackandal prediction.
2008-02-08T20:53:31Z
<p>Small additional note regarding Macandal or Mackandal prediction.</p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:53, 8 February 2008</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most common written accounts (most of which are re-tellings based on the same sources) state that Mackandal escaped his first burning by wriggling free from bonds that had been inadequately secured over the stump of his arm. Most of those go on to say that he was re-captured, retied and consumed in a second burning.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most common written accounts (most of which are re-tellings based on the same sources) state that Mackandal escaped his first burning by wriggling free from bonds that had been inadequately secured over the stump of his arm. Most of those go on to say that he was re-captured, retied and consumed in a second burning.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Slave accounts (which more strongly reflect the Mackandal mystique) state that he escaped either the first burning only, or the first and the second, but in both cases generally depict his final flight as that of a fly or a mosquito. Before being captured, Mackandal had claimed to be immortal. Davis notes with interest the massive yellow fever epidemic that was brought by hordes of mosquitoes during [[Toussaint]]'s rebellion, helping to decimate the invading forces and make his rebellion successful.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Slave accounts (which more strongly reflect the Mackandal mystique) state that he escaped either the first burning only, or the first and the second, but in both cases generally depict his final flight as that of a fly or a mosquito. Before being captured, Mackandal had claimed to be immortal. Davis notes with interest the massive yellow fever epidemic that was brought by hordes of mosquitoes during [[Toussaint]]'s rebellion, helping to decimate the invading forces and make his rebellion successful. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Sources write that Macandal actually claimed that if killed he would return as a mosquito to wreak vengeance on the whites. This makes the death of over 30,000 British and French troops by mosquito-born yellow fever during the Haitian revolution all the more interesting--Mark Davis Feb 08,2008]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Mackandal is often mentioned as having been a [[houngan]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Mackandal is often mentioned as having been a [[houngan]].</div></td></tr>
</table>
Markdavis
https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mackandal&diff=20405&oldid=prev
Doe: /* References */ spac i n g
2007-11-09T06:17:00Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References: </span> spac i n g</span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:17, 9 November 2007</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l33" >Line 33:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Mark Davis. "Macandal: The Greatest Unknown Story in History" (©1996, 1999, 2003). [http://macandal.org/www.macandal.org]  (Note: Davis invariably spells his subject's name 'Macandal,' but Mackandal' is used here as it is throughout this site.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Mark Davis. "Macandal: The Greatest Unknown Story in History" (©1996, 1999, 2003). [http://macandal.org/ www.macandal.org]  (Note: Davis invariably spells his subject's name 'Macandal,' but Mackandal' is used here as it is throughout this site.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Carpentier, Alejo (1989) ''The Kingdom of This World : A Novel''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0374521972</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Carpentier, Alejo (1989) ''The Kingdom of This World : A Novel''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0374521972</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wikipedia contributors (2005). Alejo Carpentier. ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.'' Retrieved 05:34, December 27, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alejo_Carpentier&oldid=31531603].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wikipedia contributors (2005). Alejo Carpentier. ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.'' Retrieved 05:34, December 27, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alejo_Carpentier&oldid=31531603].</div></td></tr>
</table>
Doe
https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mackandal&diff=20404&oldid=prev
Doe: /* References */ link fix
2007-11-07T00:04:31Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References: </span> link fix</span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:04, 7 November 2007</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l33" >Line 33:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Mark Davis. "Macandal: The Greatest Unknown Story in History" (©1996, 1999, 2003). http://www.macandal.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">com </del> (Note: Davis invariably spells his subject's name 'Macandal,' but Mackandal' is used here as it is throughout this site.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Mark Davis. "Macandal: The Greatest Unknown Story in History" (©1996, 1999, 2003). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>http:/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/macandal.org</ins>/www.macandal.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">org] </ins> (Note: Davis invariably spells his subject's name 'Macandal,' but Mackandal' is used here as it is throughout this site.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Carpentier, Alejo (1989) ''The Kingdom of This World : A Novel''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0374521972</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Carpentier, Alejo (1989) ''The Kingdom of This World : A Novel''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0374521972</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wikipedia contributors (2005). Alejo Carpentier. ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.'' Retrieved 05:34, December 27, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alejo_Carpentier&oldid=31531603].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wikipedia contributors (2005). Alejo Carpentier. ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.'' Retrieved 05:34, December 27, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alejo_Carpentier&oldid=31531603].</div></td></tr>
</table>
Doe
https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mackandal&diff=20403&oldid=prev
Doe: added link
2007-11-06T23:51:43Z
<p>added link</p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:51, 6 November 2007</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Davis goes on to say that both stories may have been fabricated. It would have been too humiliating to admit that a slave, particularly this one, had the wits to escape his far superior captors. Someone's head likely would have rolled. Writings at the time were dedicated to cementing the notion of slaves as barely human -- certainly not either accomplished or clever, for that would have undermined a key justification for slavery.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Davis goes on to say that both stories may have been fabricated. It would have been too humiliating to admit that a slave, particularly this one, had the wits to escape his far superior captors. Someone's head likely would have rolled. Writings at the time were dedicated to cementing the notion of slaves as barely human -- certainly not either accomplished or clever, for that would have undermined a key justification for slavery.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Whatever the impetus, having gained the relative safety of St. Domingue's wild hills Mackandal prophesied that slaves ultimately would have their freedom and independence. To that end this strong, charismatic, natural leader recruited and organized his fellow marooons (who already had become effective plantation raiders in order to survive) into an effective fighting force uniquely suited to St. Domingue's tropical and mountainous terrain. To that he added ingeniously recruited plantation slaves.  During these dangerous years he became legendary for repeatedly escaping capture.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Whatever the impetus, having gained the relative safety of St. Domingue's wild hills Mackandal prophesied that <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>slaves<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>ultimately would have their freedom and independence. To that end this strong, charismatic, natural leader recruited and organized his fellow marooons (who already had become effective plantation raiders in order to survive) into an effective fighting force uniquely suited to St. Domingue's tropical and mountainous terrain. To that he added ingeniously recruited plantation slaves.  During these dangerous years he became legendary for repeatedly escaping capture.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After 12 years of meticulous planning and preparation, Mackandal very nearly pulled off a successful rebellion of the scope that [[Toussaint]] later accomplished. But as he prepared to carry out a mass poisoning of whites toward the end of [[1757]] that would have precipitated that coup, he was betrayed by a tortured female slave, and was captured. He was chained to the stake on [[20 January]] [[1758]] in [[Le Cap]]. (Mackandal Rebellion)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After 12 years of meticulous planning and preparation, Mackandal very nearly pulled off a successful rebellion of the scope that [[Toussaint]] later accomplished. But as he prepared to carry out a mass poisoning of whites toward the end of [[1757]] that would have precipitated that coup, he was betrayed by a tortured female slave, and was captured. He was chained to the stake on [[20 January]] [[1758]] in [[Le Cap]]. (Mackandal Rebellion)</div></td></tr>
</table>
Doe
https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mackandal&diff=20329&oldid=prev
Doe: /* External Links */ removed dead link
2007-10-25T01:39:17Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">External Links: </span> removed dead link</span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:39, 25 October 2007</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External Links==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External Links==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* A. Hamin: [http://onepeoples.com/current/makandal.html Makandal: Voodoo Revolutionary & Black Messiah]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.makandal.org/ La Troupe Makandal] - Haitian dance and drumming in New York City, named after François Mackandal.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.makandal.org/ La Troupe Makandal] - Haitian dance and drumming in New York City, named after François Mackandal.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>
Doe
https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mackandal&diff=20051&oldid=prev
Stumax: Reverted edits by 170.211.210.30 (Talk); changed back to last version by Stumax
2007-10-12T06:09:46Z
<p>Reverted edits by <a href="/index.php?title=Special:Contributions/170.211.210.30" title="Special:Contributions/170.211.210.30">170.211.210.30</a> (<a href="/index.php?title=User_talk:170.211.210.30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:170.211.210.30 (page does not exist)">Talk</a>); changed back to last version by <a href="/index.php?title=User:Stumax" title="User:Stumax">Stumax</a></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:09, 12 October 2007</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">alcaolog</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[image:mackandal_coin_haiti.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Image from a Haitian coin honoring Mackandal.]]'''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </ins>Mackandal''' (also ''Macandal'' or ''Makandal''; [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Kreyòl</ins>]]: ''Franswa Makandal'' ) (died January 20, [[1758]], [[Le Cap]], [[Saint-Domingue]]) a [[maroon]] slave, organized several rebellions in the North of Saint-Domingue.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[image:mackandal_coin_haiti.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Image from a Haitian coin honoring Mackandal.]]'''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </del>Mackandal''' (also ''Macandal'' or ''Makandal''; [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Kreyòl</del>]]: ''Franswa Makandal'' ) (died January 20, [[1758]], [[Le Cap]], [[Saint-Domingue]]) a [[maroon]] slave, organized several rebellions in the North of Saint-Domingue.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </del>Mackandal has been the focus of a persistent legend of St. Domingue. Some stories have it that his soul escaped the flames in which he was burned at the stake, and that it still roams through [[Haiti]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </ins>Mackandal has been the focus of a persistent legend of St. Domingue. Some stories have it that his soul escaped the flames in which he was burned at the stake, and that it still roams through [[Haiti]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Like thousands of others, Mackandal was brought to St. Domingue probably from West Africa. and possibly as a slave already at the age of 12. Sold to Lenormand plantation near [[Cap <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Français</del>]], he brought with him exceptional accomplishments and a remarkable intellect.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Like thousands of others, Mackandal was brought to St. Domingue probably from West Africa. and possibly as a slave already at the age of 12. Sold to Lenormand plantation near [[Cap <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Français</ins>]], he brought with him exceptional accomplishments and a remarkable intellect.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Drawing on seldom-considered oral history (beyond folklore and myth) as well as conventional research and the corroborated work of others, anthropologist Mark Davis asserts that Mackandal had been educated by an 'important' family in the Congo. He says that Mackandal spoke, read and wrote Arabic fluently, and had a highly absorbent and clever mind. Davis says he also knew music, sculpture and painting, and that his broad knowledge of medicinal plants and herbs was widely sought after.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Drawing on seldom-considered oral history (beyond folklore and myth) as well as conventional research and the corroborated work of others, anthropologist Mark Davis asserts that Mackandal had been educated by an 'important' family in the Congo. He says that Mackandal spoke, read and wrote Arabic fluently, and had a highly absorbent and clever mind. Davis says he also knew music, sculpture and painting, and that his broad knowledge of medicinal plants and herbs was widely sought after.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Padre Jean]] - Leader of a slave rebellion about seven decades prior to that of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </del>Mackandal.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Padre Jean]] - Leader of a slave rebellion about seven decades prior to that of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </ins>Mackandal.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Boukman]] - One of the leaders of the slave uprising at the start of the Haitian Revolution.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Boukman]] - One of the leaders of the slave uprising at the start of the Haitian Revolution.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Boukman Rebellion]] - The uprising after the meeting of [[Bois <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Caïman</del>]].<BR></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Boukman Rebellion]] - The uprising after the meeting of [[Bois <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Caïman</ins>]].<BR></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Matt Wood Revolution and The Representation of History in The Kingdom of This World]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Matt Wood Revolution and The Representation of History in The Kingdom of This World]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Mark Davis. "Macandal: The Greatest Unknown Story in History" (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">©1996</del>, 1999, 2003). http://www.macandal.com  (Note: Davis invariably spells his subject's name 'Macandal,' but Mackandal' is used here as it is throughout this site.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Mark Davis. "Macandal: The Greatest Unknown Story in History" (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">©1996</ins>, 1999, 2003). http://www.macandal.com  (Note: Davis invariably spells his subject's name 'Macandal,' but Mackandal' is used here as it is throughout this site.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Carpentier, Alejo (1989) ''The Kingdom of This World : A Novel''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0374521972</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Carpentier, Alejo (1989) ''The Kingdom of This World : A Novel''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0374521972</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wikipedia contributors (2005). Alejo Carpentier. ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.'' Retrieved 05:34, December 27, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alejo_Carpentier&oldid=31531603].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wikipedia contributors (2005). Alejo Carpentier. ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.'' Retrieved 05:34, December 27, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alejo_Carpentier&oldid=31531603].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l40" >Line 40:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 39:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External Links==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External Links==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* A. Hamin: [http://onepeoples.com/current/makandal.html Makandal: Voodoo Revolutionary & Black Messiah]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* A. Hamin: [http://onepeoples.com/current/makandal.html Makandal: Voodoo Revolutionary & Black Messiah]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.makandal.org/ La Troupe Makandal] - Haitian dance and drumming in New York City, named after <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </del>Mackandal.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.makandal.org/ La Troupe Makandal] - Haitian dance and drumming in New York City, named after <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </ins>Mackandal.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Who's Who|Mackandal, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Who's Who|Mackandal, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Blacks|Mackandal, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Blacks|Mackandal, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Rebels|Mackandal, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Rebels|Mackandal, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category: Maroons|Mackandal, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category: Maroons|Mackandal, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
</table>
Stumax
https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mackandal&diff=20045&oldid=prev
170.211.210.30 at 03:54, 12 October 2007
2007-10-12T03:54:42Z
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:54, 12 October 2007</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[image:mackandal_coin_haiti.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Image from a Haitian coin honoring Mackandal.]]'''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </del>Mackandal''' (also ''Macandal'' or ''Makandal''; [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Kreyòl</del>]]: ''Franswa Makandal'' ) (died January 20, [[1758]], [[Le Cap]], [[Saint-Domingue]]) a [[maroon]] slave, organized several rebellions in the North of Saint-Domingue.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">alcaolog</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[image:mackandal_coin_haiti.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Image from a Haitian coin honoring Mackandal.]]'''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </ins>Mackandal''' (also ''Macandal'' or ''Makandal''; [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Kreyòl</ins>]]: ''Franswa Makandal'' ) (died January 20, [[1758]], [[Le Cap]], [[Saint-Domingue]]) a [[maroon]] slave, organized several rebellions in the North of Saint-Domingue.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </del>Mackandal has been the focus of a persistent legend of St. Domingue. Some stories have it that his soul escaped the flames in which he was burned at the stake, and that it still roams through [[Haiti]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </ins>Mackandal has been the focus of a persistent legend of St. Domingue. Some stories have it that his soul escaped the flames in which he was burned at the stake, and that it still roams through [[Haiti]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Like thousands of others, Mackandal was brought to St. Domingue probably from West Africa. and possibly as a slave already at the age of 12. Sold to Lenormand plantation near [[Cap <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Français</del>]], he brought with him exceptional accomplishments and a remarkable intellect.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Like thousands of others, Mackandal was brought to St. Domingue probably from West Africa. and possibly as a slave already at the age of 12. Sold to Lenormand plantation near [[Cap <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Français</ins>]], he brought with him exceptional accomplishments and a remarkable intellect.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Drawing on seldom-considered oral history (beyond folklore and myth) as well as conventional research and the corroborated work of others, anthropologist Mark Davis asserts that Mackandal had been educated by an 'important' family in the Congo. He says that Mackandal spoke, read and wrote Arabic fluently, and had a highly absorbent and clever mind. Davis says he also knew music, sculpture and painting, and that his broad knowledge of medicinal plants and herbs was widely sought after.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Drawing on seldom-considered oral history (beyond folklore and myth) as well as conventional research and the corroborated work of others, anthropologist Mark Davis asserts that Mackandal had been educated by an 'important' family in the Congo. He says that Mackandal spoke, read and wrote Arabic fluently, and had a highly absorbent and clever mind. Davis says he also knew music, sculpture and painting, and that his broad knowledge of medicinal plants and herbs was widely sought after.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l27" >Line 27:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 28:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Padre Jean]] - Leader of a slave rebellion about seven decades prior to that of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </del>Mackandal.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Padre Jean]] - Leader of a slave rebellion about seven decades prior to that of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </ins>Mackandal.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Boukman]] - One of the leaders of the slave uprising at the start of the Haitian Revolution.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Boukman]] - One of the leaders of the slave uprising at the start of the Haitian Revolution.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Boukman Rebellion]] - The uprising after the meeting of [[Bois <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Caïman</del>]].<BR></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Boukman Rebellion]] - The uprising after the meeting of [[Bois <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Caïman</ins>]].<BR></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Matt Wood Revolution and The Representation of History in The Kingdom of This World]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Matt Wood Revolution and The Representation of History in The Kingdom of This World]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Mark Davis. "Macandal: The Greatest Unknown Story in History" (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">©1996</del>, 1999, 2003). http://www.macandal.com  (Note: Davis invariably spells his subject's name 'Macandal,' but Mackandal' is used here as it is throughout this site.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Mark Davis. "Macandal: The Greatest Unknown Story in History" (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">©1996</ins>, 1999, 2003). http://www.macandal.com  (Note: Davis invariably spells his subject's name 'Macandal,' but Mackandal' is used here as it is throughout this site.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Carpentier, Alejo (1989) ''The Kingdom of This World : A Novel''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0374521972</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Carpentier, Alejo (1989) ''The Kingdom of This World : A Novel''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0374521972</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wikipedia contributors (2005). Alejo Carpentier. ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.'' Retrieved 05:34, December 27, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alejo_Carpentier&oldid=31531603].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wikipedia contributors (2005). Alejo Carpentier. ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.'' Retrieved 05:34, December 27, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alejo_Carpentier&oldid=31531603].</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* A. Hamin: [http://onepeoples.com/current/makandal.html Makandal: Voodoo Revolutionary & Black Messiah]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* A. Hamin: [http://onepeoples.com/current/makandal.html Makandal: Voodoo Revolutionary & Black Messiah]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.makandal.org/ La Troupe Makandal] - Haitian dance and drumming in New York City, named after <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </del>Mackandal.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.makandal.org/ La Troupe Makandal] - Haitian dance and drumming in New York City, named after <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François </ins>Mackandal.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Who's Who|Mackandal, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Who's Who|Mackandal, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Blacks|Mackandal, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Blacks|Mackandal, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Rebels|Mackandal, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Rebels|Mackandal, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category: Maroons|Mackandal, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category: Maroons|Mackandal, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">François</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
</table>
170.211.210.30
https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mackandal&diff=19001&oldid=prev
Stumax: Reverted edits by 192.72.124.10 (Talk); changed back to last version by Stumax
2007-08-25T23:27:31Z
<p>Reverted edits by <a href="/index.php?title=Special:Contributions/192.72.124.10" title="Special:Contributions/192.72.124.10">192.72.124.10</a> (<a href="/index.php?title=User_talk:192.72.124.10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:192.72.124.10 (page does not exist)">Talk</a>); changed back to last version by <a href="/index.php?title=User:Stumax" title="User:Stumax">Stumax</a></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:27, 25 August 2007</td>
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[http://gajar.ifrance.com/html/voli-siena.htm voli siena] [http://squoi-oop.ifrance.com/topic/resource-hacker/ resource hacker] [http://lightmyfire0214.ifrance.com/topic/para-hacer/ para hacer el amor] [http://sm4.ifrance.com/lib/la-sicilia/ la sicilia] [[image:mackandal_coin_haiti.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Image from a Haitian coin honoring Mackandal.]]'''François Mackandal''' (also ''Macandal'' or ''Makandal''; [[Kreyòl]]: ''Franswa Makandal'' ) (died January 20, [[1758]], [[Le Cap]], [[Saint-Domingue]]) a [[maroon]] slave, organized several rebellions in the North of Saint-Domingue.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[image:mackandal_coin_haiti.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Image from a Haitian coin honoring Mackandal.]]'''François Mackandal''' (also ''Macandal'' or ''Makandal''; [[Kreyòl]]: ''Franswa Makandal'' ) (died January 20, [[1758]], [[Le Cap]], [[Saint-Domingue]]) a [[maroon]] slave, organized several rebellions in the North of Saint-Domingue.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>François Mackandal has been the focus of a persistent legend of St. Domingue. Some stories have it that his soul escaped the flames in which he was burned at the stake, and that it still roams through [[Haiti]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>François Mackandal has been the focus of a persistent legend of St. Domingue. Some stories have it that his soul escaped the flames in which he was burned at the stake, and that it still roams through [[Haiti]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l13" >Line 13:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 13:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Davis goes on to say that both stories may have been fabricated. It would have been too humiliating to admit that a slave, particularly this one, had the wits to escape his far superior captors. Someone's head likely would have rolled. Writings at the time were dedicated to cementing the notion of slaves as barely human -- certainly not either accomplished or clever, for that would have undermined a key justification for slavery.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Davis goes on to say that both stories may have been fabricated. It would have been too humiliating to admit that a slave, particularly this one, had the wits to escape his far superior captors. Someone's head likely would have rolled. Writings at the time were dedicated to cementing the notion of slaves as barely human -- certainly not either accomplished or clever, for that would have undermined a key justification for slavery.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Whatever the impetus, having gained the relative safety of St. Domingue's wild hills Mackandal prophesied that slaves ultimately would have their freedom and independence. To that end this strong, charismatic, natural leader recruited and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">organize</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Whatever the impetus, having gained the relative safety of St. Domingue's wild hills Mackandal prophesied that slaves ultimately would have their freedom and independence. To that end this strong, charismatic, natural leader recruited and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">organized </ins>his fellow marooons (who already had become effective plantation raiders in order to survive) into an effective fighting force uniquely suited to St. Domingue's tropical and mountainous terrain. To that he added ingeniously recruited plantation slaves.  During these dangerous years he became legendary for repeatedly escaping capture.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1000</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">d </del>his fellow marooons (who already had become effective plantation raiders in order to survive) into an effective fighting force uniquely suited to St. Domingue's tropical and mountainous terrain. To that he added ingeniously recruited plantation slaves.  During these dangerous years he became legendary for repeatedly escaping capture.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After 12 years of meticulous planning and preparation, Mackandal very nearly pulled off a successful rebellion of the scope that [[Toussaint]] later accomplished. But as he prepared to carry out a mass poisoning of whites toward the end of [[1757]] that would have precipitated that coup, he was betrayed by a tortured female slave, and was captured. He was chained to the stake on [[20 January]] [[1758]] in [[Le Cap]]. (Mackandal Rebellion)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After 12 years of meticulous planning and preparation, Mackandal very nearly pulled off a successful rebellion of the scope that [[Toussaint]] later accomplished. But as he prepared to carry out a mass poisoning of whites toward the end of [[1757]] that would have precipitated that coup, he was betrayed by a tortured female slave, and was captured. He was chained to the stake on [[20 January]] [[1758]] in [[Le Cap]]. (Mackandal Rebellion)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l37" >Line 37:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 35:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Mark Davis. "Macandal: The Greatest Unknown Story in History" (©1996, 1999, 2003). http://www.macandal.com  (Note: Davis invariably spells his subject's name 'Macandal,' but Mackandal' is used here as it is throughout this site.<br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Mark Davis. "Macandal: The Greatest Unknown Story in History" (©1996, 1999, 2003). http://www.macandal.com  (Note: Davis invariably spells his subject's name 'Macandal,' but Mackandal' is used here as it is throughout this site.<br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Carpentier, Alejo (1989) ''The Kingdom of This World : A Novel''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0374521972</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Carpentier, Alejo (1989) ''The Kingdom of This World : A Novel''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0374521972</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wikipedia contributors (2005). Alejo Carpentier. ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.'' Retrieved 05:34, December 27, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alejo_Carpentier</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wikipedia contributors (2005). Alejo Carpentier. ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.'' Retrieved 05:34, December 27, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alejo_Carpentier<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&oldid=31531603].</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==External Links==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* A. Hamin: [http://onepeoples.com/current/makandal.html Makandal: Voodoo Revolutionary & Black Messiah]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* [http://www.makandal.org/ La Troupe Makandal] - Haitian dance and drumming in New York City, named after François Mackandal.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Who's Who|Mackandal, François]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Blacks|Mackandal, François]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Rebels|Mackandal, François]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category: Maroons|Mackandal, François]]</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>
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