Difference between revisions of "Le Cap"

Revision as of 20:18, 18 April 2006

[http://abouthongkong.asexblogs.com] [www.billionaire-blogs.com/abouthongkong] [cancerblog.com.au/abouthongkong] [www.blogfreely.com/abouthongkong]The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.

　　According to “the Stele on the Building of the Mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty. However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty. The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque. On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, “May Buddhism Fill the Universe”, on the other, “Royal -Bestowed”by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty. They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy. At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a “month tablet”, showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored. It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty. A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called “Retrospection Tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship. Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out. The five wooden houses, which are called “Water Houses”in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called “the Pavilion of Phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. Across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings. The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.

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-[[image:cap_haitian_vicinity_map.jpg|right|thumb|270px|Map of the environs of Cap Haïtien]][[image:cap_haitian_illustration.jpg|right|thumb|270px|19th Century book illustration of ''Le Cap'']][[image:le_cap_burns_1793.jpg|right|thumb|270px|Le Cap in Flames during [[Galbaud]]'s attack.]] '''Cap Haïtien'''  - nicknamed '''Le Cap''' <small>{{fn|1}}</small> (Kreyòl: ''Okap'', ''Kap Ayisyen'' or ''Kapayisyen'') (19°45'N 72°12'W) is a favorably-situated port town on Haiti's agriculturally rich north coast on the Atlantic Ocean. The city is the second largest in [[Haiti]], after [[Port-au-Prince]] and has an international airport.
+[[http://abouthongkong.asexblogs.com/ http://abouthongkong.asexblogs.com]]
+[[http://www.billionaire-blogs.com/abouthongkong/ www.billionaire-blogs.com/abouthongkong]]
+[[http://cancerblog.com.au/abouthongkong/ cancerblog.com.au/abouthongkong]]
+[[http://www.blogfreely.com/abouthongkong/ www.blogfreely.com/abouthongkong]]The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.
-===Le Cap - important city in French colonial empire===
+　　According to “the Stele on the Building of the Mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty. However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty. The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque. On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, “May Buddhism Fill the Universe”, on the other, “Royal -Bestowed”by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty. They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy. At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a “month tablet”, showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored. It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty. A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called “Retrospection Tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship. Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out. The five wooden houses, which are called “Water Houses”in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called “the Pavilion of Phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. Across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings. The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.
-Spain had claimed the entire island of [[Hispaniola]] in its earliest years of European occupation, but paid little attention to its mountainous western third, including Le Cap.
-French usurpers, primarily pirates based on nearby [[Ile de la Tortue]], gradually started populating that western third. Spanish troops made half-hearted attempts to shoo them away, but with the 1697 [[Treaty of Ryswick]] Spain gave up the job, ceding the land to the French with no undue reluctance. The French named the territory Saint-Domingue, and soon began exploiting its natural resources and fortunate geographical location.
-====François Mackandal is executed by the French====
+[[http://blogcharm.com/huanger/ blogcharm.com/huanger]]
-[[François Mackandal]], the legendary [[maroon]] and rebel fighter against the slave holding colonialists, was chained to the stake on January 20, [[1758]] in this city, after his attempted insurrection and capture by the colonial troops.
+[[http://blog.myaliyah.com/?u=abouthongkong http://blog.myaliyah.com/?u=abouthongkong]]
+[[http://www.blogstuff.co.uk/?u=abouthongkong http://www.blogstuff.co.uk/?u=abouthongkong]]
-====The Haitian Revolution begins====
+[[http://film4vn.net/blog/?w=lieey http://film4vn.net/blog/?w=lieey]]
-During [[Saint-Domingue]]'s extended reign as France's wealthiest colony, Le Cap was glorious. It became the thriving capital of the colony, such a glittering, culturally rich city that it was called 'the Paris of the West'. In one of its multiple renamings, at that time its formal name was [[Cap Français]].
+[[http://abouthongkong.blogslinger.com/ http://abouthongkong.blogslinger.com/]]
+[[http://www.earthtank.com/diewu/ http://www.earthtank.com/diewu/]]
-Following the [[Bois Caïman]] rebellion in August [[1791]], a mass of [[slaves]], who were desperately striking back against long years of cruel treatment, spread through the beautiful city and its surrounding plantations, setting fire to buildings, and killing planters and overseers and their families. Ultimately, the slaves were defeated by a better-armed and better-trained white militia, but not before the area was seriously damaged. An estimated 1,000 plantations were burned, and an estimated 2,000 whites and 10,000 blacks died.
+[[http://www.toiyeu.net/nhatky/?w=toiyew http://www.toiyeu.net/nhatky/?w=toiyew]]
+[[http://smeego.com/feier/ http://smeego.com/feier/]]
-====Sontonax arrives in Le Cap====
+[[http://www.vfwmowebcom.org/nicer/ http://www.vfwmowebcom.org/nicer]]
-On September 17, [[1792]] the French Commissioners [[Léger Félicité Sonthonax]], [[Jean-Antoine Ailhaud]] and [[Étienne Polverel]] arrive in Le Cap aboard the ''America''. Sonthonax later would issue a decree abolishing [[slavery]] in the North of Saint-Domingue, the portion under his control.
+[[http://www.freescrapblogs.com/red/ http://www.freescrapblogs.com/red/]]
+[[http://www.soccerblogger.co.uk/?w=uowek http://www.soccerblogger.co.uk/?w=uowek]]
-In [[1796]] The French Governor [[General Laveaux]] was seized in Le Cap by [[mulattos]] under the command of of [[Jean Baptiste Villatte]] and thrown in jail for five days before Toussaint Louverture effected his release. (Parkinson, pp. 99-101)
+[[http://blog.mogway.com/abouthongkong/ http://www.blog3.com/?u=abouthongkong]]
+[[http://www.blog3.com/?u=abouthongkong http://www.blog3.com/?u=abouthongkong]]
-Le Cap suffered many attacks, thatr damaged the city, as troops under [[Toussaint Louverture]] battled from one end of the colony to the other for their freedom. Even more destruction took place during the final push for independence, in the November [[1803]] [[Battle of Vertières]] near Le Cap.
+[[http://www.skaffe.com/weblog/abouthongkong/ www.skaffe.com/weblog/abouthongkong]]
+[[http://www.sovereigngracesingles.com/sgs_blog/?u=abouthongkong www.sovereigngracesingles.com/sgs_blog/?u=abouthongkong]]
-But even hard-won freedom and independence could not grant immunity to the grand old city. Natural disasters have no regard for human accomplishment. The Caribbean islands being centered over an earthquake zone, Saint-Domingue has been hit by its shares of quakes over the centuries. A severe earthquake in 1842 destroyed much of what had been left of once-elegant Le Cap, and today much of the city remains ruined although many old houses still survive in the center of the city.
+[[http://www.spweblog.com/abouthongkong/ www.sovereigngracesingles.com/sgs_blog/?u=abouthongkong]]
+[[http://www.slickblogs.com/abouthongkong/ http://www.slickblogs.com/abouthongkong]]
-Cap-Haïtien is also the nearest sizable city to the historic Haitian town of [[Milot]], which lies 12 miles to the south along a gravel road. Milot was northern Haiti's former capital under the self-proclaimed King [[Henri Christophe]], who ascended to power in 1807, three years after Haiti had gained independence from France. As a result, Milot hosts the ruins of the [[Sans Souci]] palace, wrecked in an 1800's-era earthquake, as well as the massive [[Citadelle Laferrière]], an immense stone fortress bristling with cannons. The Citadel is located five miles from Milot, atop a nearby mountain. The Citadelle was built to repel attempts at invading [[Haiti]].
+[[http://weblog.statisticounter.com/abouthongkong/ weblog.statisticounter.com/abouthongkong/]]
+[[http://www.picturethisblog.com/?u=abouthongkong www.picturethisblog.com/?u=abouthongkong]]
+[[http://www.kosova.ch/yourblog/?u=abouthongkong www.kosova.ch/yourblog/?u=abouthongkong]]
-{{fnb|1}} Under colonial rule the town was named ''[[Cap Français]]'' (or ''Cap François'' in some of the literature), under [[Henry Christophe]]: ''Cap Henry'' and in French it is named ''Cap Haïtien''. In English, the city is often referred to as Cap Haitian. The current name in [[Haitian Creole]] is ''Okap''.
+[[http://rockstart.net/blog/?u=abouthongkong http://rockstart.net/blog/?u=abouthongkong]]
+[[http://www.stu-c.com/blogs/abouthongkong/ http://www.stu-c.com/blogs/abouthongkong/]]
+[[http://www.westwoodbapt.org/blog/abouthongkong/ www.westwoodbapt.org/blog/abouthongkong]]
-==See also==
+[[http://vfwnjwebcom.org/abouthongkong/ ttp://vfwnjwebcom.org/abouthongkong]]
-* [[History of the Disasters in Saint-Domingue]] - Account of the revolutionary events in the North of [[Saint-Domingue]] in [[1791]] from a French perspective.
+[[http://www.stitch-studios.com/weblogs/?u=abouthongkong www.stitch-studios.com/weblogs/?u=abouthongkong]]
-* [["Unrest Continues" - Pennsylvania Gazette article (1796)|"Unrest Continues" - Pennsylvania Gazette article]] - [[1796]] article from datelined Le Cap.
+[[http://www.tatsulok.com/yuer/ http://www.tatsulok.com/yuer/]]
-* [[Toussaint Louverture's 'Dictatorial Proclamation' (1801)|Toussaint Louverture Proclamation]] - [[1801]] Proclamation issued from Le Cap.
+[[http://www.teenblog.org/abouthongkong/ http://www.teenblog.org/abouthongkong]]
-* [[Leclerc Saint-Domingue proclamation (1802)|Leclerc Saint-Domingue proclamation]] - [[1802]] Proclamation issued by the French [[General Leclerc]] from his headquarters in Le Cap.
+[[http://blogs.thesubculture.com/?u=abouthongkong http://blogs.thesubculture.com/?u=abouthongkong]]
-* [[Mary Hassal]] - Wrote ''Secret History, or, The Horrors of St. Domingo: In a Series of Letters, Written by a Lady at Cape Français to Colonel Burr, Late Vice-President of the United States.''.
+[[http://um.com.my/win/ http://um.com.my/win/]]
+[[http://www.elblog.de/howue/ www.elblog.de/howue]]
-== References ==
+[[http://um.com.my/win/ http://um.com.my/win]]
-* Cap-Haïtien. (2005, November 5). ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 16:56, December 5, 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cap-Ha%C3%AFtien&oldid=27440908].
+[[http://www.sblnet.co.uk/sblogger/abouthongkong/ http://www.sblnet.co.uk/sblogger/abouthongkong/]]
-* Cap-Haïtien. ''Columbia Encyclopedia'', Sixth Edition, Copyright (c) 2005. [http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/C/CapH1aiti.asp] .
+[[http://abouthongkong.satublog.com/ abouthongkong.satublog.com]]
-* Cap Haitïen ''The Columbia Gazetteer of North America'', edited by Saul B. Cohen. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. [http://www.bartleby.com/69/90/C01990.html] . [accessed January 27, 2006]
+[[http://tornblog.com/abouthongkong/ http://tornblog.com/abouthongkong]]
-* The Early History of Haiti. [http://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu/~agenhtml/agenmc/haiti/history.html].
+[[http://www.weblogone.com/dry/ http://www.weblogone.com/dry]]
-* The Haitian Revolution. [http://countrystudies.us/haiti/9.htm].
+[[http://www.pandablogs.com/xiangang http://www.pandablogs.com/xiangan]]
-* *{{This Gilded African}}
+[[http://www.totalvideogames.com/blog/laner http://www.totalvideogames.com/blog/laner]]
+[[http://we-r-blogs.com/?w=drewer http://we-r-blogs.com/?w=drewer]]
-[[Category:Places of the Haitian Revolution|Cap, Le]]
+[[http://www.blarbitration.com/lelby/ http://www.blarbitration.com/lelby]]
+[[http://blog.bachhoacung.ws/freey/ http://blog.bachhoacung.ws/freey]]
+[[http://www.fsaalumni.net/blog/?u=abouthongkong www.fsaalumni.net/blog/?u=abouthongkong]]
+[[http://www.spottersblog.com/tremo/ http://www.spottersblog.com/tremo]]
+[[http://www.blogtoowoomba.com/?w=homuy http://www.blogtoowoomba.com/?w=homuy]]
+[[http://www.mattian.co.uk/liuhcai/ http://www.mattian.co.uk/liuhcai]]
+[[http://www.slpblogs.com/abouthongkong/ www.slpblogs.com/abouthongkong]]
+[[http://www.worldblognet.com/abouthongkong/ http://www.worldblognet.com/abouthongkong]]
+[[http://www.love2k.com/weblogs/?u=abouthongkong http://www.love2k.com/weblogs/?u=abouthongkong]]
+[[http://abouthongkong.bloggingmax.com/ http://abouthongkong.bloggingmax.com/]]
+[[http://www.nukeblog.info/?u=abouthongkong]]
+[[http://www.betterbrain.com/blog/?u=abouthongkong http://www.betterbrain.com/blog/?u=abouthongkong]]
+[[http://berko.com.au/merry/ http://berko.com.au/merry/]]
+[[http://www.asiannotes.com/art/ http://www.asiannotes.com/art]]
+[[http://www.ym1.com/abouthongkong/ http://www.ym1.com/abouthongkong]]

Difference between revisions of "Le Cap"

Revision as of 20:18, 18 April 2006

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